Everybody is at a risk of developing diabetes. Around 22 millions of American which about one in 14 people have diabetes and more people are at a risk of diabetes. It is not limited to the United States alone. Virtually everywhere, people are exposed to this problem and it is the lifestyle which is mainly responsible for such increasing risk. The disease is much more than a sign to begin a new way of life.

Plenty of good news is coming about diabetes from all corners around the world. Researchers, scientists, and organizations have been making sincere efforts in understanding this disease and devising new cures. Keeping the blood sugar to the normal is significant according to the time and effort shows the research. Thorough controlling of blood sugar level will allow the person to delay or prevent the development of diabetes and its unbearable long term problems.

The schedule of the treatment is to achieve and maintain the near normal or fixed blood sugar level. The controlling of the blood sugar level differs in “Type-1 Diabetes” and “Type-2 Diabetes”. The treatment in ‘type-1 diabetes’ is to replace insulin to counterbalance the body’s inability to produce the insulin required for the body. The treatment of ‘type-2 diabetes’ usually depends on exercise, weight loss and medications to overpower the insulin resistance and to counteract the insulin deficit.

It may become necessary to take insulin injections. There will be additional burdens to manage one or more conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure or high cholesterol for most of the ‘type-2 diabetes’ patients. In spite of the type of the diabetes the aim of the treatment should be to keep the blood sugar levels to the normal to prevent any damage to eyes, kidneys, blood vessels, heart and nerves.

Regulation of Type-1 Diabetes

For the treatment of ‘type-1 diabetes’ patient insulin is necessary. Because the digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract will digest the insulin, it cannot be taken orally. So the insulin should be inhaled or injected to the body whenever it is necessary. Oral and skin patch delivery system is not approved for the general use. It is important to follow the diet and exercise because both diet and exercise affect the blood sugar levels and requirements of insulin. The aim to substitute the insulin is to imitate the levels normally produced by the pancreas. This is to maintain the small and constant blood sugar level in the blood stream between the meals and to limit the blood sugar levels by taking a larger, calculated dose of insulin with meals.

After checking the blood sugar level, diet and exercise or activity levels, the doctor primarily decides the insulin routine that includes the pattern and doses. The insulin requirement will be more when the patient has high blood pressure, low activity and having bigger meals. When the patient is with low blood pressure, high activity and smaller meals requires only small amount of insulin.

It is important to perform regular checkups because the food, activity and medicines all influence the blood sugar level and also affect every person in a different manner. By giving an average idea of the blood sugar level for a period of time and self check also helps in acquiring information to modify the treatment plan. For instance, if the blood sugar varies it is easy to adjust the doses and timings throughout the day and also to maintain the blood sugar levels.

Regulation of Type-2 Diabetes

Usually the physicians adapt an approach towards ‘type-2 diabetes’ that is more centered on ‘one step at a time’. Initially the person who is diagnosed with diabetes recently is asked to change their lifestyle through diet and exercise to reduce weight. The doctor will prescribe the sulfonylurea, an oldest oral medicine for diabetes, if the initial recommendations fail. A new drug will be given to the patient when the previous medicine reaches its maximum doses. The insulin injections will be given to the patient when the medicines given are exhausted. This method wasted valuable time to control the blood sugar level and is less successful. With this approach most people were unable to reach the normal blood sugar level and as a result the metabolic abnormalities of ‘type-2 diabetes’ are developed.

In connection with the ‘European Association for the Study of Diabetes’, the ‘American Diabetes Association’ released new guidelines for the management of ‘type-2 diabetes’ in the year 2006. The new guidelines points out the importance of tighter control of blood sugar as soon as possible to avoid the long term complications due high blood sugar level. To increase the chances of reducing the blood sugar, these guidelines encourage doctors to prescribe medicines along with the lifestyle changes preferably at the time of diagnosis.

Related Links:

• American Diabetes Association
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus

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